Methylene blue reduces IL-1β levels by enhancing ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation to improve diabetic retinopathy in rats / 细胞与分子免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of methylene blue on diabetic retinopathy in rats. Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into blank, control and experimental groups. The control and experimental groups were induced with diabetes by streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneal injection. After 6 weeks of successful modeling, the experimental group received intravitreal injection of methylene blue at a dose of [0.2 mg/(kg.d)], while the control group received an equal amount of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) intravitreal injection, both continuously injected for 7 days. ELISA was used to detect the levels of retinal superoxide dismutase (SOD), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (iPF2α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in rats. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of retinal extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation (p-ERK1/2) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT), and PAS staining was used to detect retinal morphological changes. Results Compared with the blank group rats, the retinal SOD activity in the control and experimental group rats was significantly reduced. iPF2α, IL-1β and p-ERK1/2 level increased, while p-AKT level decreased. Compared with the control group, the SOD activity of the experimental group rats increased. iPF2α and IL-1β level went down, while p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT level went up significantly. The overall thickness of the retinal layer and the number of retinal ganglion cells were significantly reduced. Conclusion Methylene blue improves diabetic retinopathy in rats by reducing retinal oxidative stress and enhancing ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation.

Development and application of the virtual simulation teaching experiment software of the bronchoscopy intelligent navigation-based fiducial marker implantation technology / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the necessity and feasibility of the virtual simulation teaching experiment software of the bronchoscopy intelligent navigation-based fiducial marker implantation technology in the clinical application of radiotherapy.Methods:This study developed a 3D virtual operation and interactive system using the Unity3D engine, tools including 3Dmax and Maya, and the SQL database. The scenes in the system were produced using the currently popular next-generation production process. Targeting the priorities and difficulties in the implantation of fiducial markers, the system developed in this study allowed for simulated demonstration and training based on 12 steps and 10 knowledge points. Internal tests and remote evaluation tests were adopted in this system to obtain the test result of each subject. Then, the application value of the system was analyzed based on the test result.Results:As of May 1, 2022, the system had received 2 409 views and 425 test participants, with an test completion rate of 100% and an experiment pass rate of 96.5%. Moreover, this system won unanimous praise from 167 users, primarily including the students majoring in multilevel medical imaging technology and medical imaging science from the Fujian Medical University, as well as the radiotherapy-related staff of this university.Conclusions:The virtual simulation teaching experiment software of the bronchoscopy intelligent navigation-based fiducial marker implantation technology can be applied to the teaching of students and the training of related professionals.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To observe the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods Seventy patients (17 males,53 females,aged 20-65 years,ASA grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ) undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized to receive either dexmedetomidine (group R,n=35) or dexamethasone (group D,n=35).The patients in the group R received 0.5 μg/kg bolus dose and maintenance dose at the rate of 0.5 μg·kg-1·h-1 of dexmedetomidine before intubation.The patients in the group D received 8 mg dexamethasone before intubation.The BP and HR were recorded at the following points: on arrival in the operating room (T1),before intubation (T2),5 minutes after intubation (T3),5 minutes after the beginning of the operation (T4),30 minutes after the beginning of the operation (T5),at the end of operation (T6) and 5 minutes after extubation (T7).The inhaling concentration of sevoflurane,extubation time,operation time and anesthesia time were recorded.The incidence of nausea and vomiting were recorded at 8,24,48 hours after operation.Results The incidence of nausea and vomiting at each point were similar between two groups.The HR at T2-T7 in group D was significantly lower.But MAP was similar between two groups.Conclusion 0.5 μg/kg bolus dose and maintenance dose at the rate of 0.5 μg·kg-1·h-1 of dexmedetomidine reduced the incidence of PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy,similar to dexamethasone.

Research progress of CD44v6 in non-small cell lung cancer / 实用肿瘤学杂志

CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein,which is a family of highly specific single chain mem-brane surface glycoproteins by a single gene.CD44 is mainly involved in the specific adhesion between cells and cells,cells and matrix.CD44v6 is a member of the CD44 family,and its correlation with metastasis and prognosis of non small cell lung cancer( NSCLC) has become a hot research topic in recent years.The current research pro-gress of CD44v6 and NSCLC are reviewed in this paper.

Spontaneous ovulation in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycles using gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist：a large-sample retrospective study / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the premature spontaneous ovulation rates in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles using gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a), as well as the risk factors for premature spontaneous ovulation. Methods The rates of premature spontaneous ovulation in a total of 10 612 cycles using GnRH-ant or GnRH-a were compared. Matched case-controlled study and binary logistic regression model were conducted to analyze the risk factors for premature spontaneous ovulation. Results The spontaneous ovulation rate in the whole for GnRH-a cycles was 0.15%(13/8 514), compared with a 1.62%(34/2 098) in GnRH-ant cycles (P<0.01). Further matched controlled study and regression analyze found out that higher basal FSH level was a predominant risk and prediction factor for spontaneous ovulation (OR=1.20, P=0.009). Conclusions In GnRH-ant cycles, spontaneous ovulation rate is about 10 times than which in GnRH-a cycles. Diminished ovarian function is a predominate risk factor for premature spontaneous ovulation.

Efficacy of parecoxib sodium for preemptive analgesia: a meta-analysis / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of parecoxib sodium for preemptive analgesia.Methods PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and CNKI database were searched for randomized placebo-controlled trials involving the efficacy of parecoxib sodium for preemptive analgesia.The modified Jadad scale was used for quality assessment.Evaluation indexes included VAS scores at 1,6,12 and 24 h after operation,consumption of morphine within 24 h after operation,and incidences of nausea and vomiting after operation.Meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.0.2 software.Results Fourteen randomized placebo-controlled trials involving 1086 patients were included in our meta-analysis.The modified Jadad scale scores for the 14 studies were ≥ 4.The patients were divided into 2 groups:placebo group and parecoxib sodium 40 mg injected before operation group.The results of meta-analysis showed that VAS scores at 1,6,12 and 24 h after operation were significantly decreased,the consumption of morphine within 24 h after operation was reduced,and the incidences of nausea and vomiting after operation were decreased in parecoxib sodium 40 mg injected before operation group as compared with placebo group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Intravenous injection of parecoxib sodium 40 mg before operation can produce significant preemptive analgesic efficacy and is helpful in decreasing the adverse effect of postoperative analgesia.

hMLH1 gene promoter methylation in joint cartilage in patients with osteoarthritis / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the role of Human MutL homologue 1 (hMLH1) gene promoter methylation in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis (OA).@*METHODS@#General DNA was dealt with sodium bisulfite. The methylation of hMLH1 promoter was detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). hMLH1 protein expression in joint cartilage was detected by immunohistochemical method.@*RESULTS@#The positive percent of hMLH1 promoter methylation in OA patients was higher than that in healthy persons (χ(2)=30.634, P<0.001); the positive percent of hMLH1 protein in OA patients was significantly lower than that in healthy persons (χ(2)=37.724, P<0.001); prmoter methylation and protein expression level of hMLH1 gene showed negative correlation (rs=-0.554, P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#hMLH1 promoter is hypermethlated in joint cartilage cells of OA patients. Hypermethylation may affect the protein expression of hMLH1, which might play a role in the occurrence and development of OA.

Effects of nicotine exposure and ethanol-preferring behavior on mRNA expression of some nAChR subunits in the rat VTA / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of nicotine exposure and ethanol-preferring behavior on mRNA expression of some nAChR subunits in the rat ventral tegmental area(VTA) and to explore possible mechanisms of dependence on tobacco and alcohol.Methods39 male Wistar rats,35-day-old,were randomly divided into an experimental group (group N,n=20) and a control group (group C,n=19).Rats in group N were treated with nicotine ( 1.0 mg · kg -1 · d -1 ) by subcutaneous injection while in group C with saline both for 10 days,after which 6 rats (respectively group NE,n =6,group CE,n =6 )were drawn randomly from each group and killed by cutting off the head.mRNA was extracted from the VTA tissue,and the expression of nAChR subunits,including α4,α5,α7 and β2,were examined by Real Time-PCR.Other rats both in groups N and C ( respectively group NA,n=14,group CA,n=13) were induced for 69 days to establish two-bottle free choice alcohol-preferring behavior model by Samson sucrose fading program from 60-day-old on.The same indexes mentioned above were detected by the same methods in the VTA tissue.Results① The factor analysis showed that both the two factors,nicotine and alcohol-preferring behavior,showed regulating effects on the expression of nAChR subunits α4 and α5 ( respectively F was 6.13,5.407,5.186,7.132,P ＜ 0.05 ),and the factor,alcohol-preferring behavior,on subunit β2 (F =5.896,P＜0.05) ; the two factors exhibited strong interaction on the expression of subunit α7 (F=13.894,P＜0.001 ),and some interaction on subunits α5 and β2 (respectively F was 6.149,4.222,P＜0.05 ).② The mRNA expression of nAChR subunits α4,α5,α7,and β2 were significantly up-regulated by different degrees in group NA compared to group CA ( respectively Fwas 7.941,13.517,17.438,9.272,respectively P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.01 ),the expression level of subunits α4,α5,α7 and β2 were significantly higher in different degrees in group NA than in group NE( respectively F was 5.293,8.500,6.149,4.837,P ＜0.05) ; while subunit α7 was significantly down-regulated in group CA compared to group CE (F =12.750,P ＜0.01 ).ConclusionNicotine and ethanol co-affect on the nAChR subtype comprised of subunits α4,α5,α7 and β2.

Effect of rehabilitation on 2-year survival rate of patients with malignant tumor / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of multidisciplinary intervenient on survival of patients with malignant tumor. Methods Six hundred and thirty-nine malignant tumor patients were randomly assigned to the intervenient and the control group. A total of 584 completed the follow-up study. The intervenient group received comprehensive treatment for 2 years,while the control group was in a process of self-rehabilitation. The 2-year survival rate was compared between the groups by using Cox proportional hazard model. Results The 2-year survival rate was 94. 74% (108/114) or 80. 67% (121/150) in II stage patients of the intervenient or control group, respectively ( P < 0. 01 ) . The 2-year survival rate was 88. 03% (163/177) or 82. 8% (184/222) in early and medium stage patients of the intervenient or control group,respectively(P <0. 01). Conclusion The multidisciplinary intervenient may help to improve the 2 year survival of early or moderate stage malignant tumors.

Constructions and functions of C-type natriuretic peptide and its receptor / 中国药理学通报

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) shows remarkable sequence homology to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) within the 17-residue ring portion formed by a pair of cysteine residues and being the third member of the natriuretic peptide family. Sequence analysis reveals that there are at least two exons in the coding region for preproCNP. Mature forms of CNP in body are CNP22 and its N-termi-nally elongated form CNP53. As an agonist, CNP selectively bind to natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) which has a single member-spanning helical domain and exert its biological effects by activating its C-teminal guanylate cyclase to catalyse formation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). CNP can also bind to natriuretic peptidereceptor C (NPR-C) which has high binding affinities for all of the natriuretic peptides. The synthesis and release of CNP are regulated by many cy-tokines, and CNP is metabolized by two main pathways : internalization and degradation through the binding with NPR-C or hydrolysis by neutral endopeptidase. CNP and its receptor distribute widespreadly in various tissues including vessels, blood and central neural systems, and produce effects of vasodilation, antianxiely effect and regulations of cell proliferation and endocrine.

Inhibition studies of N_3-o-toluyl-fluorouracil on human gastric carcinoma cells growth through induction of apoptosis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To evaluate the efficacy of TFU as a precursor of 5-FU on the growth inhibition of human gastric carcinoma cell lines SGC-7901 and MKN-45.Methods In vitro experiments,cell growth inhibition was measured by MTT assay.The rates were compared in the presence and Absence of liver microsomal enzymes.The morphology of apoptotic cells was detected by observation with a fluorescence microscope after staining by using adridine orange/ethidium bromide solution.DNA fragmentation was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry respectively.Western blot was employed to analyze the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax.The in vivo efficacy of TFU was assessed in nude mice bearing tumours.The specimens were re-moved and the in situ cell apoptosis detection kit was employed for TUNEL staining.Results Growth of SGC-7901 and MKN-45 cells was remarkably suppressed by treatment with TFU in the presence of liver microsomal enzymes in vitro,suggesting that TFU might be converted to 5-FU by the enzymes.Similar treatment of TFU induced apoptosis of the cells,which was deduced from typical apoptotic features such as morphology,the formation of characteristic ladder pattern of DNA migration and the accumulation of sub-G1 phase.Furthermore,a significant inhibition of Bcl-2 expression and the up-regulation of Bax were observed after treatment with TFU in the presence of liver microsomal enzymes.Growth of human gastric carcinoma cells was significantly delayed by oral administration of TFU with low side effects.Apoptosis in xenografts was also observed by means of TUNEL staining method.Conclusion Treatment of TFU in the presence of liver microsomal enzymes could promote the inhibition of gastric carcinoma cell proliferation.TFU might sustain release of 5-FU mediated by liver microsomal enzymes.Low dose of 5-FU might trigger the carcinoma cells apoptosis via regulation of Bax and Bcl-2.